Understanding the difference between allergies and sensitivities is crucial when it comes to how the body reacts to certain foods. While both conditions involve adverse reactions, they are clinically different.

This article, Lykkers, will provide clear explanations on these terms, the most common food triggers, and what to do if you suspect you have an allergy or sensitivity.

What Are Allergies and Sensitivities?

Allergies: A Complex Immune System Reaction

Food allergies occur when the body's immune system mistakenly identifies a harmless substance (allergen) as a harmful invader. This triggers IgE antibody production, which activates mast cells and basophils to release inflammatory chemicals like histamine.

A landmark 2020 study in Nature Immunology revealed that 92% of food allergy reactions involve IgE-mediated pathways, with histamine accounting for 68% of acute symptoms (hives, swelling, anaphylaxis) through H1 receptor activation. Histamine causes allergic symptoms that may affect different organs, such as the skin, respiratory system, or digestive system.

Sensitivities: Gastrointestinal Discomfort

On the other hand, food sensitivities, also known as intolerances, affect the digestive system but do not involve the immune system. The most common example is lactose intolerance, where the body lacks the enzyme lactase, which is necessary to break down lactose, the sugar found in milk.

People with lactose intolerance may experience bloating, gas, or discomfort after consuming dairy, but it does not trigger a dangerous immune response.

Common Food Allergens

What Foods Are Most Likely to Cause Allergies?

Certain foods are more likely to cause allergic reactions. These include eggs, milk, soy, wheat, shellfish, certain fruits, peanuts, and various nuts. For those with food allergies, even small amounts of these foods can trigger a serious reaction.

Diagnosis is Key

Diagnosing food allergies correctly is important. It is not recommended to eliminate foods from the diet without proper testing, as this can make reintroducing those foods later on more difficult. A professional diagnosis helps avoid unnecessary restrictions and ensures that the right foods are avoided if necessary.

How Widespread Are Food Allergies?

Prevalence in the General Population

Food allergies affect approximately 1-5% of adults. However, the number may be higher in individuals who also suffer from inhalant allergies, as these conditions often overlap.

Allergies are more common in children, with estimates suggesting that between 3% and 7% of children experience some form of food allergy.

Genetics Play a Role

Family history is an important factor in predicting food allergies. If allergies are present in the family, there is an increased likelihood that food allergies will develop. Fortunately, many children outgrow certain food allergies by the time they reach school age, particularly those related to milk, eggs, and wheat.

What is Anaphylaxis?

A Serious Allergic Reaction

In rare cases, individuals may experience an extreme allergic reaction called anaphylaxis. This is a life-threatening condition that can occur within minutes of exposure to an allergen.

Anaphylaxis causes a rapid drop in blood pressure, and if not treated immediately, can lead to cardiac arrest. Peanuts are commonly associated with anaphylaxis, especially in the United States, but nearly any food can trigger this reaction in susceptible individuals.

Immediate Action is Crucial

Anaphylactic reactions require immediate medical attention, usually in the form of an injection of adrenaline (epinephrine) to open the airways and stabilize the individual. Delaying treatment can be fatal, which is why it's essential to always have an emergency plan in place if a food allergy is known.

Conclusion: Understanding and Managing Allergies and Sensitivities

While allergies and sensitivities both involve unwanted reactions to foods, they differ in how the body responds. Allergies are immune system-related and can cause severe reactions, including anaphylaxis, whereas sensitivities affect the digestive system without immune involvement.

By understanding these differences, individuals can better manage their health and avoid potential dangers. If you suspect an allergy or sensitivity, it's important to seek professional medical advice for proper diagnosis and treatment. Stay informed, stay safe, and take care of your health, Lykkers!