Peonies, scientifically known as Paeonia × suffruticosa, are deciduous shrubs native to China.

These flowers are known for their large, multi-layered blossoms, which are often seen in Chinese art and crafts, such as Tang and Qing Dynasty women's headwear, paintings, and Hanfu embroidery. Their beauty and cultural significance make them one of the most cherished flowers in China.

Peony Appearance and Characteristics

Peonies bloom in early summer, showcasing beautiful flowers in colors like white, red, and purple. These flowers are large and solitary, often measuring several inches across. The plant itself grows to a height of 1 to 1.5 meters and features compound leaves with 3-5 lobes. The flowers have a unique structure with pistils growing on a fleshy floral disc, covered in fine hairs. These flowers' grandeur and vibrant colors have made them symbols of wealth and beauty in Chinese culture.

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Names and Symbolism of the Peony

Peonies are called by several names in Chinese, each carrying its own symbolism:

"Flower King": In the Compendium of Materia Medica, the peony is called the "Flower King," as it was regarded as the most beautiful of all flowers.

"National Beauty": The term reflects the peony’s stunning appearance, and it is often used as a metaphor for beauty in literature and art.

"Wealth Flower": The peony is also known as the "Wealth Flower," symbolizing prosperity and opulence.

"Luoyang Flower": According to a historical legend, Empress Wu Zetian ordered all flowers to bloom in winter, but the peony refused. As a result, it was banished to Luoyang, symbolizing resilience.

"Wooden Peony": This name reflects the plant’s classification as a hardy shrub, distinguishing it from the herbaceous peony, which is a type of perennial.

Peonies in Chinese Culture

Peonies have a deep connection to Chinese culture, often appearing in traditional art forms. In ancient Chinese paintings, peonies are frequently portrayed to represent beauty, wealth, and good fortune. They are also featured in festivals and cultural celebrations, serving as symbols of prosperity. Their significance in folklore and poetry further elevates their status as a cherished flower in Chinese heritage.

Peony vs. Herbaceous Peony: The Key Differences

While the peony is often confused with its herbaceous cousin, the primary difference lies in their growth forms and blooming times. The peony is a shrubby plant that blooms in early May, while the herbaceous peony blooms later in the season. Additionally, herbaceous peonies are more cold-hardy, thriving in colder regions like northern China and Siberia.

A Flower of Beauty and Symbolism

The peony is a stunning flower that symbolizes beauty, wealth, and prosperity in Chinese culture. Whether admired in art, festivals, or gardens, the peony continues to captivate and inspire. If you have a love for these elegant flowers, take a moment to appreciate their cultural significance and share your thoughts with us!