Wind energy, derived from the movement of air, has been utilized for millennia, from powering ancient sailboats to turning windmill blades.

This form of kinetic energy, produced by air currents, can be converted into electricity using an electric generator.

As a renewable and non-polluting energy source, wind energy is both inexhaustible and environmentally friendly.

What are the different types of wind energy?

Onshore Wind Energy

As you travel, you might often see structures resembling windmills. These are wind turbines, which harness the power of the wind to generate electricity. Wind farms, which consist of groups of these high-power turbines, are connected to the power grid and are typically located in windy areas such as vast steppes or coastal regions.

Offshore Wind Energy

Offshore wind energy functions similarly to its onshore counterpart, utilizing turbines that convert wind into electricity. The primary distinction lies in their location—offshore turbines are set up in the ocean where they can capitalize on the strong, consistent winds found offshore.

Positioned far from land, these turbines benefit from uninterrupted, regular winds that are generally stronger and more forceful than those on land, making offshore wind energy typically more productive than onshore wind energy.

Applications of Wind Energy

Electrical Energy Production: Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy of wind into mechanical energy, which is then transformed into electrical energy. This process involves the wind turning the turbine blades, which activates a generator to produce electricity.

Water Pumping: Wind energy can also be utilized for extracting water from the ground. Wind-powered pumps, capable of pumping up to six hundred liters per hour, can serve the water needs of small farms effectively.

Renewable Hydrogen Production: The continuous electrical current generated by wind energy can be used to produce renewable hydrogen. This hydrogen is employed in the creation of synthetic or eco-fuels, which are cleaner alternatives to traditional fossil fuels.

How Wind Energy Works: A Step-by-Step Overview

Energy Capture: Wind turbines capture wind energy and convert it into electrical power.

Mechanism Activation: The force of the wind rotates the turbine blades, which in turn activates a generator. Turbines are equipped with a vane to gauge wind direction, allowing them to orient optimally for maximum energy capture.

Speed Conversion: A gearbox within the turbine escalates the rotational speed of the shaft to several thousand revolutions per minute, enhancing the kinetic energy transferred to the generator. This generator then uses magnetic fields to convert this energy into electric power.

Current Conversion: The generated electricity is relayed to a converter located at the turbine's base, transforming it into alternating current. This current is then boosted at a substation and distributed to the power grid for consumer use.

How do wind turbines work? - Rebecca J. Barthelmie and Sara C. Pryor

Video by TED-Ed